Citizens Identities in Public Documents

Contained herein is an article critique regarding exposure of private information through digitization projects that allow unrestricted public access.The analysis will specifically deal with John Harney’s Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Documents that highlights how a County document preservation department dealt with the issue of protecting public information effectively.In the understanding that exposing private data such as social security, bank account numbers and title deed, the Maricoba County Recorder embarked on an elaborative process of scanning and removing all the sensitive information from documents without diluting usefulness.The County’s efforts are important considering the dangers of exposing such data to other people. Indeed, the exposure would make it easy for phishers to collect information that is later used for identity theft. Harney’s article is therefore an important eye-opener that it is possible for society to utilize new technol ogies effectively without posing dangers to individuals’ private lives. Maricoba County’s processes should therefore be regarded as best practices in digitization field.This is especially because members of the public would be more supportive of such projects and therefore be more willing to volunteer donations and propositions. Such collaboration would help in the process of digitizing the millions, maybe billions, of documents and information whose digitization would improve public awareness on past and current issues affective respective society.In addition, the end of public’s phobia of digitization and privacy will indeed be help in motivating technology makers in improving ways of improving security features further. John Harney’s Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Documents is in this regard an important contribution to the debate of digitization and information security.ReferencesHarney, J. (2008). Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Do cuments. Retrieved March    3, 2009, from http://www.infonomics-digital.com/infonomics/20080304/?pg=60

Obesity: Who Is at Fault?

Obesity: Who is at Fault? Name University of International Business and Economics Obesity: Who is at Fault? It is no secret that an increasing amount of Americans are gaining weight and much of this blame is put on fast food establishments such as McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Burger King, and Krystal’s, to name a few. According to Warren Belasco and Philip Scranton (2002), â€Å"The increasing consumption of convenience foods is an international trend influenced by changing lifestyles† (p. 3) From a superficial perspective, this doesn’t seem like much of a problem.However, Robert Jeffery and Simone French (1998), authors of the article Epidemic Obesity in the United States: Are Fast Food and Television Viewing Contributing? assert that â€Å"Obesity is an important public health problem that, in recent years, has reached epidemic proportions† (p. 277). In fact, some are calling the problem the â€Å"obesity epidemic. † Several lawsuits against fast food establishments have been filed by those who are overweight. It’s a serious problem, one that cannot be ignored. Before anyone assumes that it’s just the United States, think again.With the increasing number of fast food establishments in countries other than the United States, such as China, Japan, and Brazil, so are obesity rates. The obesity epidemic can no longer be ignored and must be solved. While the problem is known, the source of it is not and must be traced. What exactly is the source of obesity? Many people believe it to be fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, Krystals, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Taco Bell. After all, are they not the ones distributing the food so unhealthy and high in calories? Are they not the ones advertising delicious, backstabbing food?Are they not the ones making the food so addictive that the consumers have no choice but to eat it and come back for more? It is not a secret that there have been countless lawsuits against fast food establishments. One of the most popular lawsuits, Pelman v. McDonald’s, has been nicknamed the â€Å"McLawsuit. † In this lawsuit, two overweight children (one of whom was nineteen years old) sued McDonald’s seeking compensation for their health related problems cause by obesity. There is no debate that most people understand that fast food is unhealthy, regardless of what the Pelman v.McDonald’s lawsuit claims. There have been documentaries recording, such as Morgan Spurlocks’ Supersize Me, in which he eats McDonald’s for three meals for a month. The result is irrevocable and much more severe than any of the three doctors he had hired imagined. It would be hard to find someone that denied that fast food was unhealthy. However, this does not mean that it is the reason for obesity. Fast food establishments should not be blamed for the obesity epidemic because when it all comes down to it, it†™s a simple matter of choice.Fast food establishments do not hold their consumers at gunpoint and force them to buy their food, nor do they additives in their products to make it chemically addictive, despite what the plaintiffs lawsuit claim. Todd G. Buchholz, an international economist, keynote speaker, and author of â€Å"Are Fast-Food Establishments Making Americans Fat† poses an interested scenario: The overweight baseball fan jumps to his feet in the bleachers of Wringley Field, screaming for the Chicago Cubs to hold onto their 3-2 lead in the bottom of the ninth inning.He squeezes a Cubs pennant on his left hand while shoving a mustard-smeared hot dog into his mouth with the right. The Dodgers have a runner on the first who is sneaking a big lead off the base. The Cubs’ pitcher has thrown three balls and two strikes to the batter, a notorious power hitter. The obese fan holds his breath, while the pitcher winds up and fires a blazing fastball. ‘Crack! â €™ The ball flies over the fan’s head into the bleachers for a game-winning home run. The fan slumps to his bleacher seat and has a heart attack. Who should the fan sue? a) The Cubs for breaking his heart? (b) The hot dog company for making a fatty food? (c) The hot dog vendor for selling him a fatty food? (d) All of the above? (p. 1) While this scenario seems completely absurd, there is quite a lot of truth in how today’s society works. The question that Buchholz proposes must be dealt with. Just who is to blame for obesity? The vendors? The fast food corporations? There have been lawsuits, many which are still prevalent today. The question has not been answered and people are still seeking answers.As stated earlier, many believe the fault lies with the fast food corporations, which is why countless lawsuits have been filed against them. However, perhaps there is more than one reason why fast food establishments have been under attack. Buchholz examines this very perspective. Lawyers are under pressure to take these cases for fear that if they do not, their reputation will be tarnished. Under any normal circumstances, it would be easy to turn the cases down. Unfortunately for them, it they are no considered normal circumstances.Despite the popularity of fast food, it has become quite popular for people to denounce the restaurants because of reasons such as: the food is making the people fat, the corporations brainwash kids, and they bribe the children with toys. Michelle M. Mello, Eric B. Rimm, and David M. Studdert analyze one lawsuit in particular. Pelman v. McDonald’s, or rather, the â€Å"McLawsuit,† as it was dubbed by the public, was filed against McDonald’s by two overweight children seeking compensation for their health problems caused by obesity. They had claimed that McDonald’s had deployed deceptive advertising, promotion, and sales.In addition, the corporation had produced food that was not only unsafe but had also failed to warn consumers of the dangers of its products. It is quite interesting to note that the plaintiff’s attorney had also filed a similar lawsuit against McDonald’s and other fast food restaurants on behalf of adults. Believing it would be unsuccessful, the attorney withdrew the case to pursue Pelman. With children as plaintiffs, it was believed that the success would be higher, as the children would be seen as representatives of the afflicted population (Mello, et al. 2003, p. 208).The judge, Judge Sweet, dismissed the case, stating, â€Å"Nobody is forced to eat at McDonald’s, except, perhaps, parents of small children who desire McDonald’s food, toy promotions or playgrounds and demand their parents’ accompaniment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stout 2003). In an interview with the plaintiff’s lawyer’s colleague, John Banzhaf, he admits: The biggest problem is what lawyers call causation†¦it’s hard to tell what cau sed a heart attack. What percentage is obesity, versus other factors? And was McDonald’s 4 percent, versus 2 perfect for Haagen-Dazs? Everybody knows that, if you want to lose weight, you eat less, less calorie input, and more exercise.You don’t have to learn that. (The Center for Consumer Freedom, 2003) The case drew national attention but many spectators realized it was more or less a farce in order to make a few extra dollars for the plaintiffs and their lawyer. The authors list key points of the case made by the plaintiffs’ lawyers, one of which the case is compared to those made against tobacco companies. However, there are significant differences. Unlike tobacco cases, there has been no evidence to prove that fast food contains chemicals that are addictive. Mello, Rimm, and Studdert are not the only ones to note this. Buchholz also acknowledges this key point.Additionally, no person has claimed that they have ever become sick from â€Å"second hand† eating. Another key point is that while cigarette research has been consistent over the years, diet research fails to do the same. In fact, their research is often contradictory. There are claims that the consumers are often too ignorant to understand the risks of the food they eat. However, this is a moot point of fast food restaurants. Consumers are becoming more aware of nutritional and caloric value of food and because of this, fast food restaurants, have reacted by making their nutritional value readily available to the public.Not only that, they have also changed their menu to feature more salads and foods with less calories. Buchholz brings up yet another important and crucial point: to understand the answer, you must understand the nature surrounding the problem. He states that even with the popularity of fast food establishments, people still eat two thirds of their daily calories at home. So while critics do a wonderful job of portraying fast food restaurants as manipulat ive, evil corporations, they fail to compare fast food to food made at home, school, or restaurants that do not fall into the fast food category.While plaintiffs’ lawyers condemn the nutritional value of fast food, they fail to acknowledge that alternatives are just as bad. For example, school meals are not much better than fast foods. While the schools provide few calories, in place is more saturated fat, more than fast food establishments provide. Saturated fat is â€Å"the more dangerous subset of fats† (Buccholz, p. 4). In fact, Buchholz notes, fast food actually has fewer calories today than they did four decades ago. In the 1970s, the fat content of fast food meals and home cooked meals were very similar.Even twenty-nine years ago, while home cooking may have won prizes for their extraordinary taste, very few would receive them from today’s nutritionists. Of course, that’s not the only thing to focus on. Modern jobs frequently require less physical work, meaning less time spent burning calories and more time being stationary. There are more desk jobs, which means workers are paid to sit in their seats rather than exert energy. Work at home jobs are also more prevalent. With the growing popularity of the Internet, money can be made without even taking a step outside of the house.A survey shows that while people are not eating larger meals, they are snacking a lot more, something that definitely contributes to the calorie count. According to Buchholz, people have actually doubled the calories consumed between meals. This is a crucial point to keep in mind when examining the cause for obesity. Portion size is something else that is also criticized harshly. While fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s have been super sizing meals, they seem to be the target of many consumers despite other places that have also been supersizing their food, with little or no criticism.Examples provided by Buchholz include movie theatre popc orn containers or all-you-can-eat buffets. Studies show that people can eat bigger portions of fast food-like meals such as hamburgers and fries not at the restaurants but in their own home kitchen. Home cooked hamburgers on average now weigh eight ounces rather than the five to seven ounces served in restaurants, according to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.Despite the movie theatre down the block selling super sized popcorn or the all-you-can-eat buffet, which encourages people to loosen their belt buckle, they are not under attack as a cause for obesity. Common sense dictates that McDonald’s, even if they have a super size option, does not encourage the consumer to eat all they can. All-you-can-eat buffets, on the other hand, do. Buffets encourage the consumer to exceed the limitations of their stomach and eat as much as possible. However, ironically, buffets have evaded the line of attack and blame by consumers.Yes, fast food restaurants contain plenty of calories and no one denies that this is not healthy. However, in comparison with other food alternatives, fast food does not seem as bad as the media portrays them to be. â€Å"Unlike smoking, fast food appears to be safe when consumed in moderation†¦scientists at snack-food companies have reportedly investigated how certain foods trigger overeating, but not damning evidence has emerged that food manufacturers manipulate the content of their products to get consumers addicted† (Mello et al. p. 211) Moderation is the key. In a study done by Robert W.Jeffery and Simone A. French, the objective was to observe the correlation of TV, fast food, and body mass index (BMI). The results showed that the former two were positively correlated with BMI in women but not in men, and predicted weight gain in women with high income. This information is supports the claims made by Buchholz. Buchholz stated before that there are more people simply staying in one place rather tha n burning calories. Such is what happens with television viewing. To watch television means to do little to not moving, equaling to no calories burnt. Epidemic Obesity in the United States: Are Fast Foods and Television Contributing† concluded that increases in availability of fast food and television may contribute to growing obesity rates. Fast food is a lot more prominent and available than it was in the past. It is simply a lot more accessible than before. However, Buchholz has this point covered; while fast food is a lot more prominent, so are jobs that require less moving and increase in time to eat and snack. Fast food may contribute to obesity but it simply not the only cause, nor should it be the main focus if people are looking to fix the problem.In â€Å"Fast Food: Unfriendly and Unhealthy† by S Stender, J Dyerberg, and A Astrup, association between fast food intake and weight gain is shown. The authors note ways in which fast food can be â€Å"obesogenic. à ¢â‚¬  One must look at necessary things such as the portion size, energy density and fat content. The authors then conclude that reducing portions to normal sizes, eliminating trans fat, switching to lean meat, and other such actions would benefit the consumers in their quest for lowering obesity rates. However, by reducing portions to one size takes away the right of the consumer to make choices, argues Buchholz (p. 0). Beyond medical research, Morgan Spurlock, an American independent filmmaker, produced the documentary Super Size Me in 2004. In this film, Spurlock undergoes a mission to see what would happen to his body if he eats McDonald’s three times a day for one month. The rules were simple: if it wasn’t on the McDonald’s menu, he couldn’t have it; he must sample everything on the menu within thirty days; he must have McDonald’s three times a day; he can only and must super size the meal when asked; and will attempt to walk as much as the t ypical American.Throughout the film, Spurlock goes through a change, both physically and mentally. His three doctors, nutritionalist, and personal trainer that he had hired all agreed that he was physically above average before his experiment began. Though all three doctors had predicted that the â€Å"Mcdiet† would have a negative effect on his body, none expected anything to be as drastic as what really happened, included but not limited to heart palpitations, and liver deterioration. Some of the results were irreversible.At the end of the documentary, Spurlock shows that some people do indeed eat McDonald’s more frequently than they should, resulting in their weight gain and obesity health issues. Spurlocks’ main focus is on the negative impact of McDonald’s and other fast food restaurants. However, this is unfair to the corporations. While McDonald’s may cause health problems, it only does so when consumed frequently. Even though he has shown t hat there are people who eat McDonald’s frequently, he failed to mention that the consumers have a choice.Fast food corporations are not holding their consumers at gunpoint and forcing them to buy their food but Spurlock presents his information in such a way as to convince his audience that it is indeed the corporations who are at fault and thus, it would be counterintuitive to his position on the subject matter. Daniel J. DeNoon (2006), author of â€Å"Obesity More Complex Than We Think? ,† suggests that even though doctors are blaming obesity on overeating and inactivity, there are other factors that play critical roles. Even if the other causes have little effect, they may together make a big difference.Other reasons include, but are not limited to, lack of sleep, pollution, and prevalence of air conditioning, side effects of medicine, genetics, and age. So while fast food corporations may contribute to the obesity problem by providing food high in calories, the co rporations cannot control any of the other factors that may lead to obesity. While it seems to be quite the trend for consumers sue fast food corporations for their obesity problems, one must reconsider if the question of whether the problem lies within the food or the corporation and reevaluate their position.It’s easy to point the finger and there is no denying that fast food, when consumed frequently, is harmful. However, there has been no evidence stating that when consumed in moderation it is harmful. Unlike the lawsuits against tobacco companies, there is nothing chemically addictive about fast food, nor has anyone died of second hand eating, since swallowing food requires self consent. In fact, fast food restaurants have been proven to not be physically addictive (Buchholz 3).By blaming corporations for the food the public is choosing to eat, it suggests that the public is incapable of making wise decisions and thus degrades the individual. Everybody wants a scapegoat for their problems because nobody likes to admit that it may not be their personal fault. Fast food isn’t to blame. The consumers are. Fast food establishments aren’t making consumers fat. Consumers are making consumers fat. Works Cited Belasco, W. , & Scranton, P. (2001). Food nations. Routledge. Buchholz, T. (2003). Are fast-food establishments making americans fat?.Journal of Controversial Medical Claims, 10(4), 1-10. DeNoon, D. (2006, June 27). Obesity more complex than we think?. Retrieved from www. webmd. com/content/article/124/115592 Jeffery, R. , & French, S. (1998). Epidemic obesity in the united states: Are fast foods and television viewing contributing?. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 227 228. Mello, M. , Rimm, E. , & Studdert, D. (1998). The mclawsuit: The fast-food industry and legal accountability for obesity. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 207 216.Special report: Judge dismisses frivolous mclawsuit. (2003, January 22). Retrieved fr om http://www. consumerfreedom. com/2003/01/1753-special-report-judge-dismisses frivolous-mclawsuit/ Spurlock, M. (Director) (2004). Super size me [DVD]. Stender, S. , Dyerberg, J. , & Astrup, A. (2007). Fast food: Unfriendly and unhealthy. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 887-890. doi: 10. 1038 Stout, D. (2003, January 24). Obese teens lose mclawsuit. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/articles/2003/01/23/1042911491525. html

Colony Collapse Disorder

The Buzz on Colony Collapse Disorder Denise Collins According to the National Geographic News website, the domestic honey bee population has decreased 50% in as many years (Roach, 2004). Many reasons are blamed for the decrease in honey bee numbers including diseases and pesticides. Scientists have given the decline in honey bee population phenomenon a name, Colony Collapse Disorder. While some experts maintain that Colony Collapse Disorder is a nuisance and not a catastrophe, it is a serious problem affecting domestic honey bees worldwide. Colony Collapse Disorder is a phenomenon affecting domestic and wild honey bee colonies worldwide. Basically what is happening is worker bees are leaving the hive and not coming back but disappearing. There are warning signs of a hive on the verge of collapse. Queen bees are seen outside of the hive is one warning sign of impending collapse. Another is juvenile bees making up the workforce. The juvenile bees are not capable of caring for the larvae. Bees also will not eat their own stores. Once a hive has collapsed, the hive appears to be abandoned by adult bees with young still in the hive. After a hive has collapsed, some of the bees predators, like wax worms, will not invade the hive (Eccleston, 2007). pic] The New York Times, 2007 One believed cause of this disorder is bees being infected with micro-organisms. These micro-organisms might be affecting the bee’s immune system (Barrionuevo, April, 2007). Most researchers are blaming a parasite for the heavy decline in the bee population. The parasite, varroa mites, is a blood-sucking mite that hitches rides on worker bees backs. Once the mites are in the hive, the female mites bury themselves into the bottom of brood cells. The female mites then feed on the larvae and lay their own eggs (Bejamin, 2008). Once a colony is infected with this mite the colony an collapse within a few days (Latham, 2008). This still does not explain why the bees leave and do not return or why there are few dead bees in the collapsed hive. Some researchers believe that since almost all the cases of Colony Collapse Disorder have occurred among commercial bee keepers that the problem must be with the beekeeping practices (Eccleston, 2007). One possible cause is the use of pesticides on commercial crops. This could be a reason it appears that most of the commercial bee keepers are showing problems with Colony Collapse Disorder. The effects to our everyday life would reach into all areas. First, the shrinking bee population would affect our grocery lists. We would lose honey followed by most fruits and vegetables. We would no longer have cotton. Animals that are dependent on grain would come next. With the loss of cows, goats, and other milk giving live stock, cheese, milk, ice cream, and other dairy products would be eliminated from our diets. One would also have to take into consideration of the life saving medicines that are made from botanicals (Barrionuevo, April, 2007). Presently there is research being done all over the United States and the world looking for a solution to this problem. A researcher with the state of Pennsylvania is looking at the possibility of an â€Å"immune suppression† type of disease that is affecting the honey bees. This disease is being compared to the AIDS disease in humans (Barrionuevo, February, 2007). Pesticides have been considered for controlling the mites believed to be afflicting the honey bees. There are risks with using these pesticides. Keeping this in mind, researchers are looking for alternatives to using pesticides. One possibility is a fungus that only attacks the mites and not the bees. The problem researchers are faced with is how to introduce the fungus into the hives (Roach, 2004). Robbin Thorp, an emeritus professor at UC Davis, has suggested using other bee species to do the work of the honey bees (Nielsen, 2006). Still others say that commercial farming has destroyed the honey bees’ natural habitat through weed free farming and pesticides. To rectify that, new habitats need to be created and protected (Nielsen, 2006). Spanish researchers have recently announced they have found the cause of Colony Collapse Disorder. The scientists are suggesting that the honey bees are being attacked by a fungus called Nosema ceranae. Through further testing of infected hives, the researchers may have also found a cure. Simply enough, an antibiotic has been found to be effective in curing the colony (Ford, 2009). I believe that more research needs to be done to further evaluate the Colony Collapse Disorder. We need to make sure that all possible causes have been checked and rechecked. There could be more than one cause to the devastating disorder. There could also be more than one remedy to the problem. The first item that needs to be completed is do extensive study of the both the wild and domesticated honey bee. This study of both types is to be done to see why commercial honey bee colonies are affected more often than wild hives. A healthy hive needs to be quarantined for the control. When a colony is suspected of being on the verge of collapsing, miniature transponders will be attached to worker bees to track its movements. Every aspect of the honey bees’ life needs to be studied and documented. The first sign of a colony in danger of collapse needs to be documented. When a remedy is found it can be treated as soon as possible. This step needs to be completed as quickly as possible before it becomes critical. I am estimating a time frame of 12 to 18 months to gather data, analyze the data, and distribute the findings. The next step is to interview commercial and hobbyist bee keepers and to record their observations. Since they are working with their bees on an everyday basis, they would be more apt to see subtle changes to their hives. This would be like a mothers relationship with her child. This step can be done in conjunction with the first step. This step should take three to six months to complete this part of the plan. The third step is to educate bee keepers on what to look for in their hives. The bee keepers need to be able to recognize the initial signs that one of the hives is beginning to collapse. Education will be the key in solving this problem. Education should be an ongoing process. There will need to be not only pamphlets and manuals to distribute, but the county agriculture extension offices need to provide training to both commercial bee keepers and hobby bee keepers. This way the keepers can identify symptoms in the early stages. Flyers need to be distributed into the communities. The public can be aware of the bees that have transponders. The flyers will contain information on where to report bees that are found with the transponders. If this plan is followed as laid out, a solution should be found within two years. The benefits for following this plan would be to find a solution and implement it to save the honey bees. To save the honey bees would be to save our way of life. Educating the bee keepers will help to keep track of the progress being made. Communication with the bee keepers will allow researchers to track any new symptoms or outbreaks of Colony Collapse Disorder. Challenges for my plan will consist of not being able to control the accuracy of the data collection from the bee keepers. I would have to trust that the keepers are keeping accurate records. Another challenge would be to secure the necessary funding to keep research going for two years. The federal government will need to provide the funding for the research through grants. I will also need a moderate sized lab to perform the necessary testing of bees and hives. Funding can provide for the lab or the government can provide us with a lab in a central location. The commercial growers need to commit to helping the commercial bee keepers with observations of the bees. When transponders are attached, commercial growers need to help with locating the bees that leave the hive and do not return. The general public should become actively involved in reporting found transponder bees. Private citizens could be contracted to create habitats that are conducive to improving the numbers of honey bees. Flower gardens planted with plants that are favored by the honey bees and not treated with any pesticides can be created by both the public and the local governments. Colony Collapse Disorder is everyone’s concern not just commercial bee keepers or commercial growers. The global community should be aware of any and all evidence of potential out breaks of Colony Collapse Disorder. Information on the research being done is to be shared with other countries that are dependent on honey bees. While some experts maintain that Colony Collapse Disorder is a nuisance and not a catastrophe, it is a serious problem affecting domestic honey bees worldwide. The occurrences of Colony Collapse Disorder are quickly spreading worldwide at epidemic rates. This disorder affects honey bees and the hives. Honey bees are important for more than just food. In order to control or even stop this epidemic there needs to be research done on the causes of the disorder. There then needs to be education for the keepers, growers and general public. In the end, it is the world’s responsibility to solve this issue or hunger will affect more than third world countries. Botanical compounds used in medicines will disappear. At some point, the human race will have to face extinction. Let’s not let it happen without a fight. Barrionuevo, Alexi (February 27, 2007). Honeybees Vanish, Leaving Keepers in Peril. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2007/02/27/business/27bees. tml? pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=3aaa0148837b8977&ex=1330232400&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1245258136-9BkLxjVu7rXlI15p1S/g Barrionuevo, Alexei (April 24, 2007) Bees Vanish and Scientists Race for Reasons. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2007/04/24/science/24bees. html Bejamin, Alison and McCullum, Brian (June 25, 2008). As mystery pl ague threaten to wipe out bees, scientists reveal: our survival depends on them. Mail Online, Retrieved June 10, 2009 from http://www. dailymail. co. uk/sciencetech/article-1028560/As-mystery-plague-threatens-wipe-bees-scientist-reveal-survival-depends-them. html Eccleston, Charles H. (2007). The case of the disappearing honeybees: An Environmental harbinger? , Wiley InterScience Ford, Matt (April 16, 2009) A cure for colony collapse. arts technical. Retrieved June 15, 2009 from http://artstechnica. com/science/news/2009/04/a-cure-for-colony-collapse. ars Latham, Marc (September 26, 2008). Global Bee Deaths Threaten Foods. Suite101. com, Retrieved June 3, 2009 from http://zoology. suite101. com/article. cfm/bee_deaths_threaten_essiential_ Foods Nielsen, John (October 18, 2006) Declining Bee Population Threatens Major Growers: NPR. Npr, Retrieved June 10, 2009 from http://npr. rg/templates/story/story. php? storyId=6299480 Roach, John (October 5, 2004). Bee Decline May Spell End of Some Fruits, Vegetables. National Geographic News, Retrieved from http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2004/10/1005_041005_honeybees. html The New York Times. (April 24, 2007). [Graph of states that are reporting colony Collapse disorder as of March 2007] Disap pearing Bees. Retrieved June 17, 2009 from http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2004/10/1005_041005_honeybees. html Watanabe, Myrna E. (May, 2007). Bee Seige. Bioscience, 57(5), 464. Doi: 10. 1641/B570516

Stem Cells May Be Key to Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stem Cells May Be Key to Cancer - Essay Example The medical benefits of research are sufficient to justify and support the research in order to cure millions of people around the world. Self-renewal is one of the main benefits of the stem-cells in cancer treatment. The author argues that the stem cells are responsible for maintaining a tissue or an organ, so stem cells research will help to replace damaged and ill tissues by new ones. "Researchers hope that the cancer stem cells, because of their excessive activity, may be more dependent than normal cells on certain cellular processes and thus will be more vulnerable to drugs that block those processes" (Wade 2006). Stem cell research should be federally funded because this research and further developments in this field will help many people to treat incurable disease and preserve their health. Wade underlines that stem cell research requires huge investments because it is one of the most expensive areas of research. In many cases, private institutions and research laboratories c annot afford such long-term in embryonic cell stem research field. Thesis investments directed to stem cells and cancer problems only will help the state to save millions of dollars and achieve fast and successful results in this particular area of treatment. The government support and huge investments in cancer research and related fields of medicine are crucial for modern society as millions of people die annually because of tumors and cancer problems. ... f a bioethics committee or commission if that is at all possible; no one wants disagreement just for the sake of disagreement and these committees are set up with practical ends in view; they cannot be debating societies or academic seminars in which all possible points of view are given an airing and no practical guidance for decision-making is indicated. There is the fear that a lack of unanimity in a report will give policymakers who wish to maintain the status quo a good excuse for doing nothing. The second argument is that investments and development of cancer treatments will help the industry to generate more money and invest in other spheres of the stem cell research. Nevertheless, it is wholly to be expected that on the difficult and complex moral and social and legal issues posed by the new biotechnology there will be deep differences of view among even the most informed and rational people. Embryonic stem cell research should be federally funded because it will help the state to control the research process and control ethical issues. Embryonic stem cell research requires careful attention and considerations in order to avoid violation of natural laws and principles. In the field of bioethics critics are often faced with such dilemmas, so researchers should not try to hide the fact of negative and even dangerous consequences of the stem cell research The expectation that bioethics should reach some kind of agreement linked with the idea that there is, or ought to be, so me kind of ordinary morality or ethics, no matter how minimal it might be. Researchers who argue for such a scientific morality in modern society usually attack the excesses of individualism according to which everyone is free to follow their own lives in their own way. Stem cell research

Business law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business law - Term Paper Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The History of American law can be dated all the way back to when the American colonies first settled, the English system of law was established as the system of jurisprudence.  Once that was established,  the English common law was developed by judges who issued their  opinions when deciding cases.  Ã‚  Hence, these principles in these cases became precedent for later judges deciding similar case.  In any scenario when two sides disagree on what the outcome of a case maybe, common law is utilized. In common law, cases are judged by the jury and are extremely sophisticated since states have different guidelines for conducting cases.  In common law, juries issue a verdict, which the judge typically orders as the judgment in the case. However, judges can issue a  judgment not withstanding the verdict  based on a motion of the losing party  granted bias is present. In addition, judges can declare a mistrial in cas es of misconduct. In order to win in common law, it is essential for the plaintiff to prove to the judge by a â€Å"preponderance of  evidence.† If they fail to prove it by a preponderance of the evidence, the defendant prevails.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As mentioned above, the law of United States is founded upon  statutory law.  The American court system is divided by civil and criminal litigation.  Without a doubt though, the United States Constitution is the foundation of government regulations in United States  under the civil law.  In criminal cases, the lawsuits are brought by government entities such as the government itself, based on violations of criminal statutes but not the common law.  On the other hand, the plaintiff is the party who brings the action in a civil law suit in which monetary damages and equitable remedies become the focal point( Cheeseman 154).  However,  common law expands to civil  lawsuits as well, which makes the common law superior than civil

Identify the spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation evident in Essay

Identify the spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation evident in the ending of Frankenstein & its significance in the work as a whole - Essay Example I sickened as I read. ‘Hateful day when I received life’†! (126) Monster is the creation of human arrogance. A scientist, with his discovery, interferes in the work of God. He doesn’t realize how weak the human shoulders are to own this heavy responsibility. When humankind begins to utilize the freedom of thought and action graced by God improperly, tragic consequences are bound to happen. The scientist wishes to escape the responsibility to nurse the monster and it has no option but to turn destructive. Monster’s obsession is fully realized in the last chapter. Upon the death of Frankenstein, the monster exclaims, â€Å"That is also my victim! In his murder my crimes are consummated; the miserable series of my being is wound to its close† (211). The cycle or revenge and death have merged into eternity. The monster is now in a position to act as per its free will, even in choosing death. It has gained freedom of action. By birth, the monster is as innocent as any child. The moral dilemma in the story is on two counts. After i nterfering in the function of God, by creating the monster, Victor walks away from his responsibility of looking after it. Once the monster stands alive in front of him, insecurity seizes him and he runs for his life. Not caring for one’s offspring is a serious moral lapse. The encounters of the monster with the humankind end in chaos and frustration. Having denied love by its creator, it looks for solace elsewhere, only to be disappointed at every stage. This un-fructified love proves to be twice-cursed! By evading the monster and running to save his own life, Frankenstein ruins his life as well as that of the monster. The uncared for and neglected monster seeks revenge. This is the moral issue. The nature of the Gothic novel is, there should be a transgressor, and in the end, one should pay for the act of transgression. Victor pays for his

International Relations Course Informal Personal Intro Essay

International Relations Course Informal Personal Intro - Essay Example Therefore, the values gathered from this cause can be used in my life to foster peace in our country through interrelations, despite of their race, creed or nationality. In this case, by understanding these values, I will be able to interact with people of different background; despite the differences caused by diversity in our daily lives, and I can also avoid conflicts and resolve them whenever they arise. I have high expectations of acquiring a chance for developing diverse virtuals that will facilitate the process of becoming someone who can make a positive contribution in the world. Moreover, through this course I expect to gather skills for interrelation that will enable forming networks of mutual responsibility and a platform for sharing potential with other people around the world. I also expect to meet a highly dedicated instructor in this course, who can offer a chance to share my commitment as a student throughout the course. Moreover, I hope the course will facilitate the process of building my capabilities and character of virtuous and responsible individual, who can contribute in making the world a better place for others and me. I also expect the instructor to be honest, fair, to have critical rigor and to be a source of inspiration to the students. Furthermore, I hope that we will utilize the time offered during this course to learn and for the fair purpose that is benef icial to all students. Â   Studying this course will enable gathering of knowledge and insights that can facilitate building of intercultural competencies, and sustainable disposition. Therefore, this will enable others and me to relate and build a form of interdependence, whereby facilitating globalization. The course will also make a vital contribution in development of new perception towards political reality. Therefore, this will enable building of critical and reflexive knowledge, practical values, relations that will facilitate good coexistence. Knowledge

Is social media really serving the purpose of making people more Essay

Is social media really serving the purpose of making people more sociable or is it creating an introverted generation - Essay Example Thus social media usage is creating an introverted generation that consists of people who often strive to shrink into themselves and stop taking part in constant social media interactions. The very first reason why people become introverts by constant using of social media is because it is always easier to communicate when nobody watches you. In fact this means that it is certain anonymity and opportunity to dissimulate feelings and personal features during communication, what makes people feel freely while communicating through social media services more than in real life situations. A famous psychologist Phillip Zimbardo defined anonymity as a crucial factor that triggers human feeling of freedom from social responsibility, which often leads to negative consequences (255). Furthermore, social media allows people to create some false personalities and identify themselves with persons different from who they really are. Thus it turns out that people start alienating from themselves and later this may cause certain communicational disability, social anxiety, and even asceticism. For most people exposure of the personalities that they use as masks in social media commun ication would become a social catastrophe; thus, for instance, Facebook privacy breaches have without a doubt become a nightmare for its users. The fear of losing social media privacy has led to appearance of cyber bullying, which is a huge problem nowadays. Social media bullies play on people’s dependency on social media images, so they often manipulate people by creating breaches in their social networking profiles’ security. Also, cyber bullying contributes to development of introspective tendencies of modern social media generation. Researches on the topic of cyber bullying revealed that cyber bullying not only makes people (more often adolescents)

Human Resource Management of Presto Manufacturing Company Essay

Human Resource Management of Presto Manufacturing Company - Essay Example The dispute between the two is quite frequent. Tony Krass: He is specifically critical of Wesley Johnson’s quality of work. He is also involved with discussions over departmental issues. Overall he unnecessarily involves himself in issues the responsibility of which is not conferred upon him by his managers. Jack Burns: Robinson suspects him of making excuses such as illness of wife so as to be able to spend time in leisure activities. He also arrived late and stated an excuse of over-sleeping. The Trainee: Appears to be in conflict with two fellow operators. He once accused John Walker and Joe Ridley that they are giving him troubles such as hiding his safety glasses. In another instance explaining his late appearance, claimed to have been locked in the toilets. Next day asks for early leave and appeared upset but did not explain the reasons. Remained absent the following day without any notification. Phil Graham: Asked only once for break for doctor’s appointment. On the objection of Robinson (department manager) he claimed to be able to get appointment at that time only. Despite these problems Semi-finished department faces other issues as well: Complaint from the Final Assembly department supervisor Brenda regarding the quality of their products and unmet production targets every week that has affected her department’s bonus. Reject Rate is consistently at 5% which is unacceptable by the Quality manager. The conflicts between the two departments- Semi-finished department and Final Assembly department due to the rejection rate of 5% in semi-finished products during the last three consignments which in turn have resulted in unmet targets by Final Assembly department. Lowering of work levels evident from increased defect rates at an... This paper focuses upon organisational conflict as a conflict within the organisation which normally occurs due to any type of misunderstanding, any type of noncooperation or breakdown of organisational structure etc among the employees of the organisation. Conflicts can arise at various levels like conflicts among the individual employees or group of employees which are generally termed as inter-personal and inter-group conflicts. There may be a variety of reasons behind the organisational conflicts but the most important reasons are economic reasons, value and power. The economic reasons or economic conflict as it is famously known as signifies attempt to achieve higher gain. Every individual attempt to achieve higher gain and in doing so many times their motives and actions clashes with others which creates a conflict. Change in values, principles, ideologies and practices. As the principles and values of an individual guide the action of the individual therefore difference in val ues and ideologies often creates conflicts. Another major reason behind conflicts is power. In an organisation many times employees desire to attain more power by maximising the influence and control over others. Thus the tension which generally occurs while struggling for attaining more power creates conflicts. Apart from difference in values, power attainment and economic reasons miscommunication often creates misunderstanding which gives rise to a lot of conflicts.

School District Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School District Budget - Essay Example To this end, in developing the budget for the forth coming 2008/2009 financial year, the district education board consulted a wide range of stakeholders such as the district staff, the parents association and the community representative before arriving at the final document. All projected activities in the budget are assigned to the relevant stakeholders identified in the budget paper. Budget development begins with the adoption of a specific timetable that will guide the implementation of the budget development at all the various stages, which is presented to the Education Board. It happens almost concurrently with the release of the governor's budgetary proposal. By this arrangement, a platform is created for the study of the governor's budget with all its allocations to the individual schools, in order to provide the needed framework for the final budget. Principals and mangers are then served with copies and expected to work in partnership with broad based community involvement to produce a feedback to be incorporated into the final budget. The feedback is treated as Certificated Staffing to be filed with the Director, Fiscal Services. The next important step in the process is the discussion of the budget along all its highlighted assumptions.

Web 2.0. The second generation of the World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

Web 2.0. The second generation of the World Wide Web Essay Web 2. 0 is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Web 2. 0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users. Other improved functionality of Web 2. 0 includes open communication with an emphasis on Web-based communities of users, and more open sharing of information. Over time Web 2. 0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer-science-based term. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of Web 2. 0. Web 2. 0 was previously used as a synonym for Semantic Web, but while the two are similar, they do not share precisely the same meaning What is Web 2. 0 technology? Web 2. 0 is the term used to describe a variety of web sites and applications that allow anyone to create and share online information or material they have created. A key element of the technology is that it allows people to create, share, collaborate communicate. Web 2. 0 differs from other types of websites as it does not require any web design or publishing skills to participate, making it easy for people to create and publish or communicate their work to the world. The nature of this technology makes it an easy and popular way to communicate information to either a select group of people or to a much wider audience. The University can make use of these tools to communicate with students, staff and the wider academic community. It can also be an effective way to communicate and interact with students and research colleagues. There are number of different types of web 2. 0 applications including wikis, blogs, social networking, folksonomies, podcasting content hosting services. Many of the most popular websites are Web 2. 0 sites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, Flickr. Web 2. 0 (or Web 2) is the popular term for advanced Internet technology and applications including blogs, wikis, RSS and social bookmarking. The two major components of Web 2. are the technological advances enabled by Ajax and other new applications such as RSS and Eclipse and the user empowerment that they support Tim OReilly is generally credited with inventing the term, following a conference dealing with next-generation Web concepts and issues held by OReilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004. OReilly Media has subsequently been energetic about trying to copyright Web 2. 0 and holds an annual conference of the same name. There is, however, some dispute about whether OReilly is responsible for the original coinage. Joe Firmage, for instance, used Web 2. 0 to describe using the World Wide Web as a platform in 2003. One of the most significant differences between Web 2. 0 and the traditional World Wide Web (retroactively referred to as Web 1. 0) is greater collaboration among Internet users and other users, content providers, and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more input into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control over it. For example, multiple-vendor online book outlets such as BookFinder4U make it possible for users to upload book reviews as well as find rare and out-of-print books at a minimum price, and dynamic encyclopedias such as Wikipedia allow users to create and edit the content of a worldwide information database in multiple languages. Internet forums have become more extensive and led to the proliferation of blogging. The dissemination of news evolved into RSS. There is no clear-cut demarcation between Web 2. 0 and Web 1. 0 technologies, hardware and applications. The distinction is, to a large extent, subjective. Here are a few characteristics often noted as descriptive of Web 2. 0: * blogging * Ajax and other new technologies * Google Base and other free Web services * RSS-generated syndication * social bookmarking * mash-ups * wikis and other collaborative applications * dynamic as opposed to static site content * interactive encyclopedias and dictionaries * ease of data creation, modification or deletion by individual users * advanced gaming. Critics of Web 2. 0 maintain that it makes it too easy for the average person to affect online content and that, as a result, the credibility, ethics and even legality of Web content could suffer. Defenders of Web 2. 0 point out that these problems have existed ever since the infancy of the medium and that the alternative widespread censorship based on ill-defined elitism would be far worse. The final judgment concerning any Web content, say the defenders, should be made by end users alone. Web 2. 0 reflects evolution in that direction. Some industry pundits are already claiming that Web 2. 0 is merely a transitional phase between the early days of the World Wide Webs existence and a more established phase theyre calling Web 3. 0.

Thy Womb Essay Example for Free

Thy Womb Essay A charming and majestic chain of islands straddling peacefully between Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea in the southwestern Philippines is the exotic Tawi-Tawi province. It is one of the southernmost parts of Philippines, which have become infamous for being the site of warring government and the Muslims terrorists. The people are peace-loving and they live there harmoniously. Their houses are built on silts near the seashore. The place is surrounding with families who are lack of needs, and they are surviving in the rain or shine weather in their everyday lives. Their culture was also shown in the movie. The wedding celebration there is very different as we celebrate the wedding here. Giving dowry to the family they want to marry and hospitality is part of their culture. The man is negotiating to the family of the woman they want to marry, not only once, but anytime they want to get married as long as they have dowry that they will give to the family of they want to get married. Although the woman, doesn’t love the man, the man can marry her as long as her family approved the wedding. Shaleha, the character portrayed by Nora Aunor is indeed the most interesting for me. It’s very unusual to see a wife go searching for another lady to be his husband’s second wife. Shaleha truly shown that her love for her husband, Bangas-An, was fascinating. She has gone to some hardships just by knowing that her husband might really turn his back to her. As I seen in the movie, there are some problems that the government should focus to improve their place. Some problems are the people have not enough clothings and their houses which reside in the sea is not safe for them especially to the children; and also they are lack in the terms of security and medical because when Bangas-an shoot a gun, there’s no justice occur and his wife, Shaleha cure it with leaves. The government should took action these problem for the sake of the people. The government should also enhance the infrastructure base of the province and improve accessibility, and generate more jobs for the people. Thy Womb is a movie that is worth watching for. This movie indeed tells the reality of living. The reality in which people do have different cultures as well as their way of living that was affected by the things or events in their surroundings. This reality is also experienced by us in our lives but in different circumstances. Upon watching it, it shown in the movie the goodness of the people in South. I was amazed in the people there how they approach each and every one. Eventhough they all suffer in poverty, they managed to give help with the other people. Also, my heart felt pity to the some olds are undressed and working despite of their ages. After I watched it, I conclude some values that were essentially portrayed, like the undying love of Shaleha to her husband Bangas-An, the couple’s faith and persistence to really make it up to the dowry required by the other family is strongly portrayed as the couple willingly sell their things and asked help from the other communities. I greatly admired Director Mendoza for bringing great honor to the people and for showing the beauty of Tawi-Tawi. I hope that the other Filipinos will appreciate his efforts as well.

Cloud Computing Advantages and Disadvantages

Cloud Computing Advantages and Disadvantages Cloud computing has changed the landscape of business today. Through cloud computing many companies has improved their performance through reengineering their business process both internally and externally. In this section we will look at some of the companies who have adopted the cloud computing and gain advantage from it. Amazon Industry Type: Online Retailer Amazon is the biggest online retailer in the market right now. It is among first who adopted the cloud technology for its online retail store. They are the pioneers of online consumer sales with a supply chain management that has an edge over other competitors in the market. They started off by first creating in-house cloud solution for their own IT. In the starting Amazon created a core online e-commerce website and packing service. Gradually when the e-commerce platform started improving, Amazon started offering it as a service to third-party vendors. Then they started on developing in-house, technology-driven solutions for their operations were initially outsourced, and later on offer these solutions as an external service to third-party businesses. Later as their cloud solution model mature they started of offering their web service to other vendors. With this Amazon strategy shifted from online retailer to B2B service as they started offering a stack of critical infrastructure as a service to other business. Today, more than two million third-party sellers account for 40 percent of Amazons sales. Amazon with its successful marketplace keeps on scaling and improving its technology have a developed a improve supply chain by focusing on warehousing and logistic components. Amazons approach of leveraging technology and scale to reduce costs will change the future of the supply chain in coming times as they have now started offering outsourced consolidation for international sellers in 2014, leveraging bulk discounts for cheaper U.S. import rates. Amazon is driven by either the customer satisfaction or to increase their market share for which they have a cleared define structure: Identify inefficiencies, Develop a technological solution, Scale the solution into a platform, Offer the platform as a novel solution for third-party businesses. ABOF (Aditya Birla Online Fashion) Industry: Fashion The abof (Aditya Birla Online Fashion) is an online fashion store of Aditya Birlas group. They developed a web store that provides 3D virtual trial room that enables customers to see how clothing items look on them by providing their body dimension data in the application. The website also provides a style quiz to help personalize the service it provides to customers. The Challenge The company did not wanted to have an infrastructure comprising various physical hardware such as servers, storage, and networks in an on-premise or collocated datacenter for running the web store because of the scalability issue. The business expected that an increase in demand for apparel, footwear, and accessories and that would spike during sales and other promotional events. This will impose a sizable cost burden on the business as they would have to purchase new computer and other resources, and there is always a risk that these resources will be underused during non-peak periods. Also they were not in favour of hiring any technical personnel for maintaining these resources. The Solution So the company chose AWS (Amazon Web Service) because of ease of use and rich array of services that can be utilize to optimize the performance of its online store. The online store launched in late 2015, with the IBM technology stack powering the e-commerce service all-in on AWS. The store infrastructure operates in the AWS Asia-Pacific (Singapore) Region and uses multiple Availability Zones for redundancy. They use following solution from AWS and IBM for running the online web store: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances run the IBM WebSphere Commerce Suite An IBM DB2 relational database that runs e-commerce store-related datasets also runs in Amazon EC2 Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS). Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) stores content such as product images and videos Amazon CloudFront improves the websites performance by distributing content to users with low latency and high data transfer speeds. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) to store Amazon EC2 instance and web server logs. The Benefits Multiple instances can be created instantly to update and create new software which provide agility to innovate quickly and compete effectively in the crowded online shopping marketplace. Process for scaling the infrastructure was automated to support demand peaks generated by campaigns that encourage customers to visit the website and purchase products. Good performance and availability of online store to customers with 99.999 percent infrastructure availability with AWS, and an average page loading time of around 1.5 seconds. Lower total cost of running abof on AWS as compared to a physical infrastructure in an on-premises or hosted datacenter. 3M Health Information Systems Industry : Health Care Service 3M Health Information Systems (3M HIS), based in Salt Lake City, Utah, is one of the worlds largest providers of software for the healthcare industry whose healthcare applications like 360 Encompass System are used throughout the United State by hospitals to integrate their clinical documentation and coding workflows. The organization provides solutions in more than 20 countries and 7,500 hospitals worldwide. The Challenge A core part the company software solutions uses natural-language processing to automatically create medical codes, which are critical to both clinicians and the business of healthcare delivery and is very critical for healthcare-system workflow. For this multiple IT centers and collocated environments were used to support it. However, this approach led to major challenges as many activities required more computing power and storage capacity at certain hours of the day. Moreover, the agility to develop and deploy new applications faster was need of the hour. The Solution After a thorough analysis, the company decided to use AWS as it has the best infrastructure and performance to meet its needs. So they started off by migrating several important applications to the AWS Cloud. The organization worked closely with AWS Professional Services, which provided the expert architecture and configuration guidance required to accelerate the migration. The applications utilizes following service Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) running hundreds of instances Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), which helps the organization operate and scale its relational database deployments. AWS-managed CodeCommit source-control service to host private Git repositories AWS CodeDeploy to automate deployment AWS CloudFormation to automate infrastructure-all supporting a DevOps culture AWS CodePipeline to manage continuous integration and continuous delivery deployment workflows. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to meet its regulatory and security requirements. The Benefits Applications running on AWS, effortlessly scale up or down without the need to acquire and provision servers months in advance. By using AWS services developers were able to innovate faster which lead to increase efficiency. As it continues to migrate more of its applications to AWS, 3M HIS expects to create and implement innovative new healthcare software for its customers. Dangote Industries Limited Industry : Manufacturing Dangote Group is one of Nigerias most diversified business conglomerates with a hard earned reputation for excellent business practices and products quality. Its operational headquarter is located in the bustling metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria. The Challenge The company was struggling to keep it datacenters, server and network up and running due to poor power supply and lengthy lead time to acquire hardware parts for these resources. The company was unable to operate it on-premises hardware at 100% due to that lack of external environment factor so their systems were neither reliable nor resilience.ÂÂ   And a new refinery project in hand this issue has become critical. The Solution The company find the solution by moving to a hybrid enterprise cloud model. Its transition is center on Microsoft Azures reliable, useful backup and disaster recovery features while a major enterprise software app has also just been carried over to the new platform. Following are service that is utilized from the Microsoft Azure Cloud solution: The delivered set-up uses Microsofts complete hybrid cloud storage solution for enterprises, StorSimple, Disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS) provided by Azure Site Recovery. These technologies ensure rapid upload to the cloud and carry out a big part of the heavy lifting around backups. ECM (Enterprise Content Management) system based on EMC Documentum technology over to the cloud, the team were ensuring that the company staff in multiple locations could work jointly on the platform. Azure StorSimple to safely store its SAP ERP and other mission critical application backups for added resiliency. The Benifits Maximum resilience of the back office. Solution was delivered in a very short timeframe. Reliable stable environment. A lot of inefficiencies have been removed from business processes.

The Simple Life of Silas Marner :: Silas Marner Essays

The Simple Life of Silas Marner    The life that could be lived in a village at 1861, which was so near of the time of the Industrial Revolution, is a simple life. People at that time were simple minded, and care most about their work. They do not understand much of their religion, as it is exemplified in the novel. We could see that when Mrs. Winthrop talks about that she does not understand much of what she hears or read on Sunday services, still she believes since her heart in relief to what it said.    When Henry Austen analyses George Eliot description of the villagers he says:    But at the same time that she continues to mock the loose habits and trivial minds of the villagers, George Eliot also begins to show them in more flattering light. [229]    Based on Henry's analyses, it is clear that Eliot view villagers as simple-minded people. They are as well superstitious thinking he's some kind of a witch. That is why they do not accept Silas, when he first came. Add to it, he was different than them and acted strangely, and that he was an out sider to their rural community. His stolen money makes them sympathize with him, however. Then his foster to Eppie made them not be afraid of him and accept him as a member. Further inclinations to this aspect will be elaborated in the following:    The community remains essentially the same, but the author now provides it with an opportunity to demonstrate its humanity, good will, and potential for genuine sociability, which serve to soften, if not erase, our awareness of its crudeness. [Austen, Henry. 230]    Although this community is simple and full of superstitions, it is still warm hearted and full of love.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

Abstract Sudden Infant Death Syndrome remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality (under the age of one) in developed countries. The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have been puzzling and research is being conducted to solve this catastrophic problem. Having a child under the age of one makes me very concerned, along with any other parent(s), that the possibility of SIDS could affect any infant at anytime, SIDS does not discriminate. I am seeking to find the possible causes to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome so in the future deaths could be avoided. Researchers have studied the many possible causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and four have been selected for this paper. The first study addressed the effects of an infant’s sleeping position and other prenatal risks associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The SIDS victims were matched with four control groups of the same gender, age and place of birth. The second study researched the possible correlation between the brain weights of SIDS victims at death to those infants that died of other causes, only when the brain had not been damaged. The study took place between the years of 1980 and 2003 within the same local population. In the third study medical and demographic characteristics where analyzed among infants that were 24 to 32 week’s gestation weighing 500 to 2500 grams of SIDS victims and non SIDS victims. The researchers attempted to find a correlation between the two groups of preterm infants. The fourth study was conducted to investigate a possible correlation between the postnatal growths preceding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. In this particular study the victims of SIDS were matched with two controls of the same age. The research was collected by parental interview review of medical records and body weights. Finally, I will review the findings, compare the four studies and illustrate my conclusions and provide my personal synthesis. I hope to gain knowledge and insight into the possible causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. First Study Summary SIDS and Sleeping Position and Prenatal Care Oyen, N., Markestad, T., Skaerven, R., Irgens, L.M., Helweh-Larsen, K., Alm, B., Norvenius, G., Wennergren, G. (1998). Combined Effects of Sleeping Position and Prenatal Risk Factors in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: The Nordic Epidemiological SI... ... SIDS. Through the research provided, I concluded that when a baby is born preterm their brain, along with many other internal organs, is not as fully developed as that of an infant that had reached full gestation. I believe that these studies concerning SIDS address only a small portion of the larger problem and that there needs to be more research done to narrow down the causes. References Brooks, J.G., Gilbert, R.E., Flemming, P.J., Berry, P.J., Golding, J. (1996). Postnatal Growth Preceding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Chiropractic Technique, 94, 456-459. Kadhim, Hazim., (2005). Incongruent Cerebral Growth in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology, 20, 244-246. Malloy, Michael H. (2004). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome among Extremely Preterm Infants: United States 1997 – 1999. Journal of Perinatology, 24, 181-187. Oyen, N., Markestad, T., Skaerven, R., Irgens, L.M., Helweh-Larsen, K., Alm, B., Norvenius, G., Wennergren, G. (1998). Combined Effects of Sleeping Position and Prenatal Risk Factors in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 21, 614-621.

Drunk Comparison :: Essays Papers

Drunk Comparison After around two hours in a bar the way I carry myself is definitely different from the time I walked in. I’ve never considered myself much of a drinker, especially before I came to college. I had never appreciated the way beer had tasted, or it could have been only because I was exposed to some of the more disgusting ones. When I lived in my hometown only a few months earlier I attended tons of parties. Most of them were always hosted by the fellow alcoholic teenagers, and supplied the cheapest beer they could get hold of. I can recall filling my cup with the foamy cold beer that poured from the tap, and sipping it for hours. â€Å"I just don’t like beer!† I would reply to my male friends when asked why I wasn’t drinking much. After a few hours at the party I would realize that I was the most sober one there. The first day I came to Fredonia, I went to check the bars out. I first drank a few beers I recognized and then asked around for the names of some mixed drinks. The first one I tried was a Blue Whale; I loved it. I figured; if one mixed drink tasted good I’m sure that others would too. Drinking had finally turned into something that was fun to me. Now after partying for a few hours, I was no longer the sober one in the group. On my way to a party or a bar I am completely sober. I am aware of the surroundings around me and am capable of walking in a straight line. When I speak, my language is pretty much perfect and everyone has a clear understanding of what I am trying to say. In my mind I know what is exactly going on and concentrating on something is easy. Knowing that I am on my way to a party or bar I tend to be excited. I am usually energetic and hyper; realizing that I will finally be having fun after all the work I had done during the week. As I continue to make my way to my destination I am aware that the way I feel and think will most likely change by the end of the night.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay

Scientists have learned how to modify foods in the last decades of the twentieth century. That is, they have learned to manipulate the DNA of plants and animals. Scientists were able to transfer a trait from one organism to another by splicing the DNA of one organism into the DNA of another organism (â€Å"Introduction†). This process changes the genetic makeup of plants and labels these altered foods â€Å"genetically modified organisms. † Food should not be genetically modified because of the wasted food produced and the potential long-term health issues for consumers. Genetic modification of food in the United States began in 1987 with field-testing of tobacco and tomato plants (â€Å"History†). One example of this process would be producing a tomato that is resistant to mildew and rot. This tomato would taste and look the same, but would stay fresh longer. The farmer that grows this genetically modified tomato plant would benefit from a more hardy plant because he would not have as many wasted tomatoes (â€Å"Introduction†). A general assumption is that, with the large population of the world today, genetically modified food is absolutely necessary. This is not true. Ethan A. Huff, a writer for Natural News, says in his article, â€Å"Don’t Believe the Lie: Organic Farming CAN Feed the World,† that, â€Å"organic farming by itself is fully capable of feeding the world. † Huff also says that cows and sheep were meant to eat grass from pastures instead of the genetically modified soy, corn, and grains factory farmers are feeding them. The grains fed to the animals make them sick and require a large amount of resources to produce. If these animals were allowed to graze naturally, in grasses that are not part of the human diet anyway, the grains currently being fed to them could be used for human consumption. Huff also cites humans’ wasting food as a major issue. He states that, â€Å"one-third of the world’s food ends up in the trash heap as waste. † He states that, specifically in developed nations, people tend to purchase more food than their families can consume before the food goes bad. With so much wasted food, genetically modified food is not needed. The health risks involved with genetically modifying food are potentially dangerous. â€Å"‘Several animal studies indicate serious health risks associated with GM food,’ including infertility, immune problems, accelerated aging, insulin regulation, and changes in major organs and the gastrointestinal system† (â€Å"Genetically†). One way of plants are being genetically modified is engineering corn and cotton to produce their own pesticide. This pesticide, called Bt, was produced from soil bacteria and has a history of safe use. In countries such as India and Germany, large numbers of animals died after consuming plants genetically modified to produce Bt. Thousands of sheep died after grazing on Bt cotton plants. In a follow-up study, all sheep fed these modified cotton plants died within thirty days. â€Å"In a small village in Andhra Pradesh, buffalo grazed on cotton plants for eight years without incident. On January 3rd, 2008, the buffalo grazed on Bt cotton plants for the first time. All 13 were sick the next day; all died within 3 days† (â€Å"Genetically†). Other ramifications include issues with reproduction. Tests in animals show that possibilities include premature deliveries, abortions, infertility, prolapsed uteruses, sterility, and death of newborns. â€Å"When male rats were fed [genetically modified] soy, their testicles actually changed color—from the normal pink to dark blue. † (â€Å"Genetically†). In humans, in the US population, â€Å"the incidence of low birth weight babies, infertility, and infant mortality are escalating† (â€Å"Genetically†). With all the complications in test animals, it is a wonder how more people are not concerned about eating genetically modified food. Others may disagree. Potentially life-sustaining foods can be grown quickly and in a short space of time to feed many, which is true, but the truth is that, in testing, these methods of creating foods have done more harm to test subjects than good. Some experts claim that genetically altered foods create biodiversity instead of edging out their more â€Å"natural† cousins, but others argue that biodiversity with lab-created plants are actually killing off non-genetically altered species of plants (Carpenter). A more reasonable approach might be that people should start to be more conscious of what they purchase and discard because it has gone bad. A more prudent use of the world’s food supply might benefit more people than any other alternative. Rationing food may seem tyrannical, but if humans keep generating so much food waste because of the tendency to buy more than is needed, rationing may become the norm. Another alternative, however, and a less harsh one, would be for people to grow their own vegetables. If gardens were as plentiful nowadays as they were in the 1940’s, the growth of so many genetically altered vegetables would be unnecessary. In conclusion, there are many more options available to people than going into a laboratory to change how food is grown. With all of the risks involved in genetically altered food, maybe even ones that are not known because of the relative newness of the research available, it is unfathomable that another way to feed the world has yet been found. Would doing more work on an individual basis really be so bad compared to the potentially life-threatening health problems that today’s scientists are unintentionally giving to the future of the human race? Works Cited Carpenter, Janet E. â€Å"Genetically Engineered Crops Have Had a Positive Impact on Biodiversity. † Biodiversity. Ed. Debra A. Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Rpt. from â€Å"Impacts of GE Crops on Biodiversity. † ISB News Report. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Genetically Modified Foods Pose Huge Health Risk. â€Å"Opposing Views. 20 May 2009. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. â€Å"History of Genetic Engineering. † American Radio Works. American Public Media. 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Introduction to Genetically Modified Food: At Issue. † Genetically Engineered Foods. Ed. Nancy Harris. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.

Research on Tobacco Smoking Essay

Abstract The aim of this research project is to test the hypothesis that â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women in Barking and Dagenham† Smoking pregnant women appear to be more vulnerable than non smoking pregnant women to many adverse consequences of tobacco smoking. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can also be the cause of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young babies. Smoking pregnant women achieve higher concentrations of nicotine and carbon monoxide in their blood and become more impaired than non smoking pregnant women after smoking equivalent amounts of tobacco. The study has used primary and secondary research to obtain its findings. The questionnaire albeit a very small cross section of the population, established that tobacco use is more prevalent among smoking pregnant women than non smoking pregnant women in Barking and Dagenham. In my survey, 60 percent of tobacco smoking pregnant women reported consume cigarette, 200 percent smoke cigars, 10 percent pipe tobacco, and 10 percent of other types of tobacco per day on average. The secondary research was based on studies and surveys that the the number of pregnant women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many pregnant women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. Moreover, pregnant women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. Introduction This research project will be discussing the hypothesis that â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women†. The expression adversely is defined within the literature review, using evidence from secondary source material. It will debate the reasons, affects, consequences, disadvantages of tobacco smoking among pregnant women and Government advice and consequence of tobacco and how harmful it is to babies and their health. In addition to this material, a small scale research component has been included which leads to an evaluation of both the primary and secondary sources. LITERATURE REVIEW In December 1998, the Department of Health published Smoking Kills – a White Paper on tobacco, which set out practical measures to reduce smoking among men, women, children and most particular women with pregnancy. – Office for national statistics 2008 – 2009, smoking related behaviour and attitude. Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. – McCoy. K, Tobacco smoking – page 226. For some people it’s because they believe that they can’t live without the effects of smoking, such as relieving stress and giving pleasure. For others it’s because smoking is associated with fun and social activities, such as a break from work or meeting with friends in the pub. – McConoile. B, Women and pregnancy – part 3- page 196. Everyone has different reasons for smoking and tobacco is used to fill many needs. Some of the key reasons are the physical, emotional and psychological effects that cigarettes have; they can also be used as a tool when socialising. – Fintan O’ Toole, – Health correspondent Article- Life & Style, The Guardian –19/12/2008. Smoking is used as a way to suppress uncomfortable feelings, and smoking is used to alleviate stress, calm nerves, and relax. No wonder that when you are deprived of smoking, your mind and body are unsettled for a little while. – (Kirkup, J, Daily Telegraph – 22 February 2008, smoking and hazards. The habit of cigarette smoking is often used to tranquilize emotional issues like anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem. In addition, smoking provides comfort to people with conditions of chronic pain and depression. Smokers with emotional stress or chronic pain often turn to smoking as an attempt to treat their pain. – Dr. Annette, October 15, 2009, why people smoke cigarettes. Smokers often say that lighting up a cigarette can calm their nerves, satisfy their cravings, and help them feel energized. Indeed, nicotine in tobacco joins on to receptors in your brain that release â€Å"feel good† chemicals that can make you feel calm and energized all at once. Smoking acts as a drug, inducing a feeling of well-being with each puff. – Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management – page 89. Smoking is a way to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, grief, and anxiety. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished partly through the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain. – Moor. S, The Journal – 23 March 2006. According to a study carried at the University of Nottingham by the Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium, pregnant women who smoke put the lives of their unborn babies at risk. This study was funded by the British Heart Foundation and strongly supports the opinion of many leading experts who advise that expectant mothers should quit smoking whilst pregnant.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services. Out of the total 1001 women, 38.8 percent smokers delivered premature babies as compared to 21.3 percent of non-smokers. 46.1 percent of smokers delivered low birth weight babies when compared to 27.9 percent non-smokers. 65.6 percent of smokers delivered babies with adverse conditions when compared to 60 percent of former smokers and 50.4 percent of non-smokers – Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia The most recent CDC survey (from 2008) showed that more than 1 in 6 American women aged 18 years or older (18.3%) smoked cigarettes. The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women (22.4%), followed by white (20.6%), African-American (17.8%), Hispanic (10.7%), and Asian women (4.7%). CDC – women’s health – publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can also be the cause of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young children. CDC – women’s health – publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. Tobacco use accounts for nearly 1 in 3 cancer deaths. Tens of thousands of women will die this year from lung cancer, which has shot past breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among women. Almost 90% of these lung cancer deaths will be due to smoking. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking When the mother smokes, so does the baby. Smokers take in poisons such as nicotine and carbon monoxide (the same gas that comes out of a car’s exhaust pipe). These poisons get into the placenta, which is the tissue that connects the mother and the baby before it is born. These poisons keep the unborn baby from getting the food and oxygen needed to grow. Partnerships for a Tobacco- free Maine, 2010, Parent – smoking among pregnant women. New studies show that if a woman’s partner smokes near her during her pregnancy, there are added risks. It is best for the mother, baby, and entire family to quit tobacco. If family and friends continue to smoke the pregnant mother should ask them not to smoke near her. Lungs UK, 2010; Mothers – smoking among pregnant women. Due to smoking habits among pregnant women, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up. Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia. Women who smoke greatly increase their risk of heart disease (the leading killer among women) and stroke. Risk goes up with the number of cigarettes smoked and the length of time a woman has been smoking. Even though most of the women who die of heart disease are past menopause, smoking increases the risk more in younger women than in older women. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking. Heart disease and diseases of the blood vessels (cardiovascular disease) are more common in women who smoke than in those who don’t. Research indicates that women who smoke and also use hormonal contraceptives have a particularly high risk of developing heart disease or blood clots that can lead to stroke. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy. Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in UK. One out of five smokers, following a gruelling history of lung diseases including: pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis and COPD with eventually die from cancer associated with smoking. – Champix – 2008, stop smoking and champix. Smoking also increases the risk of many other types of cancer other than lung cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, pancreas, kidney, bladder, breast, and cervix. Heart Attacks, individuals that smoke are six times more likely to experience a heart attack when compared to individuals that choose not to smoke. – Powell. J, drug Abuse (Emotional Health Issues 2007) page 27. Smoking also promotes the development free radicals which are highly unstable molecules that cause disease and damage to cell DNA. The cells of your body start behaving erratically producing a range of responses that make your skin age faster. – BBC News,Thursday, 28 December, 2006, Cigarettes Smoking effects. If you smoke more than a 1/2 pack of cigarette per day for over six months you have a one in three chance that you will not perform to previous levels in the bedroom, inability to perform, inability to a achieve, inability to maintain an erection. – Lamb. K, Health Issue 2001, Cigarettes smoking. Research carried out by Oxford University estimated that smoking cost the NHS in the UK  £5.2 billion in 2005/06, approximately 5.5% of total healthcare costs4. This updates the estimated cost of between  £1.4 and  £1.5 billion a year, estimated by research carried out by the Oxford University. – Statistics, Health, 2001, Smoking Related Behaviour & Attitudes. In 2008, it is estimated that almost one in five deaths in England of people over 35 years of age were due to smoking. Over a third of all deaths from respiratory diseases and almost three in ten of all deaths from cancers in this population are estimated to be caused by smoking. A higher proportion of smoking attributed deaths were seen for men compared to women.– Oxford Journal, 2008, Volume 105, Number 41, Cancer Risk for Smoker. Dr Miriam Stoppard said â€Å"Pregnancy can be a particularly difficult time to stop smoking – and rather than stigmatising these women, we should be guiding them to their local NHS Stop Smoking Service for expert advice and support†. BBC News, Wednesday, 4 February 2009, Health, pregnant smokers ‘fear criticism’. The total number of successful quitters delivered by NHS Stop Smoking Services between 2003/04 and 2005/06 was 832,700. The Department of Health Priorities and Planning Framework (PPF) target of 800,000 successful quitters over this period was achieved.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services. The number of women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy. Women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. BBC News, 2007, Health issue, smoking, and pregnancy. The Smoking and Health (ASH) and the British Medical Association (BMA) estimate that up to 120,000 men over 30 years old suffer from impotence as a negative effect of smoking. This figure is likely to be very conservative, because it does not include impotence due to previous smoking in men who no longer smoke. Office of the national statistics – 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking. The proportion of adults who smoked cigarettes fell substantially in the 1970s and the early 1980s – from 45 per cent in 1974 to 35 per cent in 1982. After 1982 it declined gradually until the early 1990s, levelling out during the 1990s. It then fell smoothly from 28 per cent in 1998/99 to 24 per cent in 2005. – Office of the national statistics – 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking. Objective The objective of this research project is to test the hypothesis that, â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women†. With the use of primary and secondary research to test the above mentioned hypothesis, there will be an emphasis on relevant literature such as journals, studies, surveys and statistics, both independent and governmental. In addition to this literature, the project’s questionnaire will add another dimension to the research giving it more essence and making it more satisfactory. The outcome of the project is to have basic knowledge and awareness of the danger of tobacco smoking to pregnant women who smokes and also the dangerous effect to the unborn babies. Method The research project shall engross both primary and secondary research and then evaluate both sources and produce a conclusion of results. The primary research will consist of a questionnaire, the unexpended anonymous is to protect the identity of the participants. Consequently, making them feel comfortable so that their answers will be as frank as possible. When all the gathered information is collected, comparisons can be made to determine my hypothesis. â€Å"Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women on†. There will only be a small sample of questionnaires to process the results. Therefore, it will not be a true reflection of society and its trends. The results from the survey will not have any significance on a national level, although, the participants do come from verity backgrounds and a range of nationalities. The study for secondary research will be produced from pertinent literature that will be reviewed and documented, the use of applicable radio and television programs and appropriate web sites. By using these informative mediums a deeper understanding and better insight into this much argued topic will be gained. In the process of carrying out this research, a lot of issues were put into consideration especially the ethnicity and nationality of respondents. Results The primary research consisted of the 15 questionnaires being distributed, 12 smoking pregnant women responded showing their ages to range from 18 to 40 years and 8 another non smoking pregnant women responded also showing their ages to range form 18 – 40 years. The survey report presents the finding of research into young women excessive drinking in Barking and Dagenham. In recent years there has been rising concern about the prevalence of smokers’ behaviour, especially among pregnant women. Smoking among pregnant women has also increases the risk of many other types of diseases that have led to the death of their babies. Smoking habits among pregnant women is intolerable, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up. [pic] Evaluation The structure of the questionnaire was to establish where and how pregnant women indulge in tobacco smoking, daily intake of tobacco, consequences of tobacco and the awareness of the affect of tobacco to their unborn babies, and the medical efforts and advice to reduce frequent intake of tobacco among pregnant women. The research shows that majority of pregnant women goes into smoking because of various reasons. My research shows that pregnant women smoke to be sociable with their friends, boredom, stress, relaxation, parent influence and also family influence. According to the result of my research, sixty percent agreed that they were suffering from the side effect of smoking tobacco. Majority of them complained of various illness and side effect of tobacco such as: constant headache, coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing mucus or blood, dry and wet cough, fever, chest discomfort, foetal development problems, and brain damage and other severe complication to unborn child, according to pregnant women. The research also shows that the respondents who filled out my questionnaire agreed that they have loss their dear ones through tobacco smoking either by asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, heart disease, stroke, lungs disease, complication during pregnancy and many other diseases resulting from tobacco smoking. The hypothesis has been proven through this evidence produced in the primary and secondary research that tobacco smoking is unavoidable, and it will be extremely difficult to outlaw it in the society. The only possible solution to this problem is to continue to make general publication about the severe influence and the harms it can cause to their foetus and the unborn babies. Figure1: Age Range that Smoke during pregnancy Figure 2: Tobacco Consumption during Pregnancy Figure 3: Ranges of Smoking and Non Smoking during Pregnancy Figure 4: Reasons for Smoking Figure 5: Frequency of Smoking during Pregnancy Figure 6: Types of Tobacco Smoking by Pregnant Women Bibliography Literature Firth. L, 2001, Smoking Problem, Volume 43, Smith University, Published The Independence Royston. A, Tobacco – Learn to Say No! Oxford, Publisher Heinemann Library Lamb. K, Tobacco Smoking – Health Issue 2001, London, Publisher White Thomson Wechsler. H, PhD and Wuethrich. B, 2002, Addicted to Smoking: Tackling the Diseases’ Published by World Book USA. Plant. M, and Plant. M, 2006, Smoking in Britain: Drugs and the National Response, Publisher Oxford University Press. Dr, Mapstone. J, Acting Director of Public Health, November 2007, Smoking and Pregnancy, Glasgow, Publisher The independence Ward. M, 1998, caring for someone with drugs Addicts (carer handbook series) Publisher Age Concern Hamilton. K, 1999, Drugs and Pregnancy – your body (Healthy Body) London, Publisher Hodder Wayland Journals Parker. Colins, Tutor, 2010 Handout Moor. S, The Journal – 23 March 2006. Institution of Drugs Student – 2007 Issue 2. McConoile. B, Pregnant women under Tobacco influence – part 2- page 186. McCoy. K, & Dr. Wibbelsman. C, The teenager health – page 148 Powell. J, Pregnancy and drug Abuse (Emotional Health Issues 2008) page 13. Foster. R.K, and Marriott, 2006, Women and Pregnancy, volume 31 Issue 4, page 286 – 308 Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management – page 64. Internet news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3121440smokingissues.co.uk/know-your-limits-responsible homemed4u.co.uk/†¦ /Smoking-tobacco-causes-death.asp surreyhypnosisclinic.co.uk/ Drugs-HypnosisinCamberley ww.nhs.uk/Livewell/smoking/ Pages/Effectsofdrugs.aspx www.guardian.co.uk/uk/ pregnancy/feedarticle/8491829 www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1537484/tobacco-smoking-among-pregnant women www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/smoking www.smokingissues.co.uk/ uk-s-relationship-with-tobaccol.html www.nhs.uk/Livewell/pregnancyl/ Pages/Effectsoftobaccol.aspx – www.ias.org.uk/resources/ factsheets/pregnancy/smoking.pdf